Investigation to exercise status of university students in the late phase of the covid-19 epidemy / Investigação sobre a situação do exercício físico dos estudantes universitários na fase final da epidemia do covid-19 / Investigación sobre el estado del ejercicio físico de los estudiantes universitarios en la última etapa de la epidemia de covid-19

ABSTRACT Introduction The outbreak of COVID-19 has changed the traditional way of teaching physical education. Objective Investigate the current status of physical exercise in college students after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Students from 32 colleges were interviewed, totaling 1074 valid questionnaires. Results Under the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic, many students chose their exercise methods according to their needs and environmental conditions, spontaneously completing extracurricular physical training goals healthily in a safe environment. Exercising to improve physical fitness, strengthen immunity, and minimize disruption of the COVID-19 epidemic is a common concern among students. Conclusion Most students' activities have changed significantly, and university physical education teachers should provide tailored guidance in exercise to ensure health and safety, in addition to promoting post-workout teaching based on current needs ensuring health and safety while promoting the benefits of physical education teaching in extra-class workouts. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução O surto de COVID-19 mudou a forma tradicional de ensinar educação física. Objetivo Investigar a situação atual do exercício físico em universitários após a epidemia do COVID-19. Métodos Estudantes de 32 faculdades foram entrevistados, totalizando 1074 questionários válidos. Resultados Sob a influência da epidemia de COVID-19, muitos alunos escolheram seus próprios métodos de exercícios de acordo com suas necessidades e condições ambientais, completando espontaneamente os objetivos do treino físico extra-curricular, de forma saudável em um ambiente seguro. Exercitar-se para melhorar a aptidão física, fortalecer a imunidade e minimizar a interrupção da epidemia de COVID-19 é uma preocupação comum entre os estudantes. Conclusão A maioria das atividades dos alunos mudaram significativamente e os professores universitários de educação física devem fornecer uma orientação adaptada em exercícios para garantir saúde e segurança, além da promoção do ensino no pós-treino com base nas necessidades atuais garantindo saúde e segurança, além de promover os benefícios do ensino da educação física nos treinos extra-classe. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La irrupción del COVID-19 cambió la forma tradicional de enseñar educación física. Objetivo Investigar la situación actual del ejercicio físico en los estudiantes universitarios tras la epidemia de COVID-19. Métodos Se entrevistó a estudiantes de 32 universidades, con un total de 1074 cuestionarios válidos. Resultados Bajo la influencia de la epidemia COVID-19, muchos estudiantes eligieron sus propios métodos de ejercicio según sus necesidades y las condiciones del entorno, completando espontáneamente los objetivos del entrenamiento físico extracurricular de forma saludable en un entorno seguro. Hacer ejercicio para mejorar la forma física, fortalecer la inmunidad y minimizar la interrupción de la epidemia de COVID-19 es una preocupación común entre los estudiantes. Conclusión La mayoría de las actividades de los estudiantes han cambiado significativamente y los profesores de educación física de la universidad deben proporcionar una orientación adaptada al ejercicio para garantizar la salud y la seguridad, además de promover la enseñanza posterior al ejercicio en función de las necesidades actuales que garanticen la salud y la seguridad, y promover los beneficios de la enseñanza de la educación física en los ejercicios fuera de clase. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated with Increased Risk of Progression from Non- severe to Severe Illness in COVID-19 Patients (preprint)

BackgroundThe involvement of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the progression of illness in COVID-19 patients has not been illustrated, with the association between GI symptoms and illness severity remaining controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between GI symptoms and the illness progression, severity, and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis study retrospectively recruited consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three hospitals in Wuhan. The severity of illness was classified as non-severe and severe for analyses. The primary outcome was the association between GI symptoms and progression from non-severe to severe illness (PNTS) in COVID-19 patients. ResultsOf the 934 COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.3 years; 43.7% males), the prevalence of overall and specific GI symptoms at/prior to admission were 59.9% and 13.0%, respectively. Patients with GI symptoms were associated with increased risk of fever (56.1% vs. 48.1%; P=0.02), increased IL-6 (18.2% vs. 11.7%; P=0.04), ground-glass opacity (56.8% vs. 43.1%; P<0.001), bilateral pneumonia (80.4% vs. 72.3%; P=0.005), secondary infections (12.6% vs. 6.5%;, P=0.003), and hypoalbuminemia (26.2% vs. 18.4%; P=0.01). Patients with GI symptoms had a higher risk for PNTS (2.9% vs. 0.6%; P=0.02), even after full adjustments (OR, 6.50; (95%CI:1.34-31.6); P=0.02), but comparable risk for severe illness or deaths. GI symptoms and the specific GI symptoms were identified as the independent risk factors for PNTS.Conclusions The occurrence of GI symptoms is proved to be an independent risk factor for PNTS, which might be a predicting indicator in the prevention of illness deterioration at an early stage.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated with the Increased Risk of Progression from Non-Severe to Severe Illness in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study (preprint)

Background: The involvement of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the progression of COVID-19 patients has not been illustrated, with the association between GI symptoms and severity of illness remaining controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between GI symptoms and the illness progression, severity, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Design: This retrospective study recruited 1024 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three hospitals in Wuhan. The severity of illness was classified as non-severe and severe for analyses. The primary outcome was the association between GI symptoms and the progression from non-severe to severe illness (PNTS) in COVID-19 patients. Results: Of the 934 COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.3 years; 43.7% males), the prevalence of overall and specific GI symptoms at/prior to admission were 59.9% and 13.0%, respectively. Patients with GI symptoms were associated with increased risk of fever (56.1% vs. 48.1%; P=0.02), increased IL-6 (18.2% vs. 11.7%; P=0.04), ground-glass opacity (56.8% vs. 43.1%; P<0.001), bilateral pneumonia (80.4% vs. 72.3%; P=0.005), secondary infections (12.6% vs. 6.5%;, P=0.003), and hypoalbuminemia (26.2% vs. 18.4%; P=0.01). Patients with GI symptoms had a higher risk for PNTS (2.9% vs. 0.6%; P=0.02), even after full adjustments (OR, 6.50; (95%CI:1.34-31.6); P=0.02), but no risk for severe illness or deaths. GI symptoms and the specific GI symptoms were identified as the independent risk factors for PNTS. Conclusion: The occurrence of GI symptoms is proved to be the independent risk factor for PNTS, which might be a crucial indicator in the early prevention of illness deterioration.Funding Statement: National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1313103), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81670473 and 81873546), "Shu Guang" project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (No. 19SG30).Declaration of Interests: There is no conflict of interests for each authorEthics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Changhai hospitals. The requirement for informed patient consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective design and as the data analyzed were considered as a part of a continuing investigation of a public health emergency of international concern by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the People's Republic of China.